What is called a UNIT?
A Unit is a basic part. There are 5 units many of which bring out the whole.
Units make a word or a sentence complete.
How many Units are there in English?
There are
FIVE UNITS.
1.Letters : The Units of English
In English, there are 26 letters.
They are otherwise called Alphabets.
The Alphabets can be written both in Capital Letters and in Small Letters.
Capital Letters are :
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, X,
Y and Z.
Small Letters are :
a, b, c, d, e, f,
g, h, i, j, k, l,
m, n, o, p, q, r,
s, t, u, v, w, x,
y and z.
2.Words in English:
Words may be of individual letter or a group of letters.
A word should give a meaning.
Then only it will be treated as a word.
Write, speech, My, You, come, go, learn, type, computer, teach, January, India, America, China, God, etc., are words.
These words give complete meanings. These are correct words.
Here are many more words and how the words are used in the sentences.
A : A boy is playing.
I : I am going to temple.
We : We are friends.
He : He is our friend.
God : God is omnipotent.
Many : Many people attended the party.
Lorry : Lorry is used to carry goods.
Letter : I have posted all the letters.
Achieve : Achieve something in your life.
Reporter : The reporter has submitted his report.
Technology : Technology has improved.
Signature : Your signature is not clear.
Fertilizer : Use organic fertilizer for better farming.
Composition : Submit your composition note book today.
Father-in-Law : Her father-in-law is a gentle man.
Enthusiastic : We need enthusiastic workers.
Independence : India got independence on 15th August 1947.
International : The two international leaders discussed the border issue.
Multi-coloured : This book has multi-coloured wrapper.
Communication : Aim at clear communication.
Pronunciation : Pronunciation is important in a language study.
3.Phrase
A phrase is a group of words.
It must have some meaning.
It should not contain a finite verb.
If it contains a finite verb, it will be a sentence or clause.
There is not phrase with a finite verb.
Phrases begin with preposition.
Examples of Phrases :
1.He wishes
to learn Music.
2.She wants
to study further.
3.The stone fell
on the ground.
4.This practice existed
in ancient times.
5.The girl
with blue eyes is Mary.
6.I like
reading books.
7.We may come
to Delhi by train.
8.They have arranged
for boarding.
9.You are most welcome
to this palace.
10.He went
to a doctor.
(The boldened parts are the phrases)
There are three kinds of Phrases, namely.
a.)Noun Phrases:
Let us see what Noun Phrases are.
The Noun Phrase is a group for words which functions as a noun.
It does the work of a noun.
Examples :
1.He wishes
to learn Hindi.
2.Boys enjoy
playing cricket.
3.I like reading
comics Books.
4.She pretends
to be honest.
5.What she does is
what I like.
6.She is
what she reads.
7.Coming to New York is not my priority.
8.Completing my MBA is my first priority.
9.Smoking in this hospital is prohibited.
10.To invite him is to this function is to invite trouble.
(The boldened parts are the Noun Phrases)
b.)Adjectival Phrases
The adjectival phrases function as adjectives.
It does the work of an adjective.
It qualifies the noun or the pronoun.
Examples :
1.The girl
with blue eyes is my sister.
2.He is a soldier
of great abilities.
3.A stitch
in time saves nine.
4.I saw a bird
of a rare species.
5.A girl
of high level of intelligence is what is needed for this company.
6.Do not forget to invite him
who invited us all to his wedding.
7.This is the school
with all the infrastructures and all the modern facilities.
8.An apple a day saves your life
for a long time to come.
9.The teacher
with wide acceptance and admiration among the students is Mr. Ram.
10.We have to meet Mr. Raja
who has joined our company today morning.
(The boldened parts are the Adjectival Phrases)
c.)Adverbial Phrases:
The adverbial phrases function as adverbs.
It is a modifier.
It modifies verb or an adjective or another adverb.
Examples :
1.The Sun rises
in the east.
2.He walks
not along with us.
3.Man set foot
on the moon.
4.The carpenter hit the nail
with a hammer.
5.The woman
who lives next door is a doctor.
6.We must finish our project
before the holidays.
7.Jodie buys two CDs
every month.
8.Jack bought the flowers
for his mother.
9.I'm saving my money
to buy a car.
10.The students all showed up
to support the team.
11.Sally brought a painting home from school
to show to her mother.
12.The stone fell
on the ground.
13.This practice existed
in ancient times.
(The
boldened parts are the adverbial phrases)
4.Clause:
A clause is a group of words that forms part of a sentence with a subject and a predicate of its own.
Examples :
- He went to the doctor.
- We have to take a decision by today.
- You are welcome to our college.
- Please, pay attention to what he says.
- She has taken permission.
- The dog that bites does not bark.
- He replied that he would come.
- As he was ill, he did not come to school.
- He fled where his pursuers could not follow.
- He is the tallest student in this whole college.
There are Two Types of Clause. They are :
a.)The Main Clause:
The Main Clause gives the direct meaning with a finite verb.
Examples :
- He went to the doctor.
- She is my best friend.
- The President will dedicate this factory to the nation day after tomorrow.
- I will teach you English online using SKYPE.
- This film is most interesting and most popular.
- He is the person responsible for this accident.
- My wife is a writer.
- You have to take delivery of this parcel in the railway station.
- Be here by 7pm tomorrow.
Our Professors did not permit me to complete the seminar.
b.)The Subordinate Clause:
The Subordinate Clause will not give a complete meaning.
This will only support the meaning of the main clause.
Or some times, this will depend upon the main clause for getting a meaning.
The subordinate clause will be a part of the main clause.
Though Subordinate Clause had finite verb, we can not get complete meaning from it. It depends on the main clause for its complete meaning.
Examples :
As he was ill, he did not come to college yesterday.
Since she attends the function, she has to go fast.
Why we did not come to the school is not a matter now.
The dog
that bites does not bark.
He fled
where his pursuers could not follow.
I am the monarch
of all I survey.
He is the son
of whom I met yesterday.
He replied that
we had to pay him by that day.
We expected that
he would abide by our words.
It is true that
he has scored centum in Math.
(The
boldened part of these sentences are Subordinate Clauses)
